Full text of Premier Wen's speech at Harvard ( 2003-12-11 21:58)
'Turning Your Eyes to
China'
DEAN KIM CLARK: It's a great pleasure and a privilege to welcome you here
today to this historic occasion. On behalf of the faculty and the staff and the
students of the Harvard Business School I welcome all of you to our campus.
We're certainly pleased to have Premier Wen here today on this great occasion.
It's my good fortune to be able to introduce to you today my good friend, Bill
Kirby, who is Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Bill.
DEAN KIRBY: Thank you very much, Kim. The Faculty of Arts and Sciences at
Harvard joins in welcoming all of you and our distinguished guests from the
People's Republic of China. Today is a very important occasion, an opportunity
for dialogue between members of the Harvard community and the leader of one of
the most rapidly transforming and transformative countries in the world, whose
future is closely intertwined with our own. And in this global era, universities
serve an increasingly important function. We are points of connection and
communication between citizens of different regions of the world. Harvard is
honored to welcome Premier Wen and his delegation. As the first line of "The
Analects" tells us, "How very glad we are to welcome friends from afar." Our
guest speaker today is, as you know, the Premier of the People's Republic of
China, Premier Wen Jiabao.
Seated to the Premier's left is Mr. Li Zhaoxing, Minister of Foreign Affairs
of the People's Republic. Next to Minister Li is Ma Kai, Minister of the
National Development and Reform Commission. To Mr. Ma Kai's left is Mr. Wei
Liqun, who is Director of the Research Office of the State Council. And seated
next to the Director is the Honorable Yang Jiechi, the Ambassador of the
People's Republic of China to the United States.
And let me introduce the gentleman to my right. We have already had the
pleasure of hearing from Dean Kim Clark of the Harvard Business School. And the
gentleman to his right, Professor Dwight Perkins, the Director of the Harvard
University Asia Center. To Professor Perkins' right is Professor Wilt Edema,
Director of Harvard's Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, and to his right
is the Honorable Clark Randt, the United States Ambassador to the People's
Republic of China. Welcome, Ambassador Grant. Thank you all for coming, and may
I now introduce our next speaker, ladies and gentlemen, the President of Harvard
University, Lawrence Summers.
PRESIDENT SUMMERS: Thanks very much, Bill. On a day like this I am
particularly glad to have a distinguished scholar of Chinese history as the Dean
of our Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Premier Wen, we are honored to have you
here today. On behalf of the entire Harvard community and especially the 350
Chinese students at Harvard, and the nearly 500 scholars, teachers and
professors at Harvard, I am delighted to welcome you to our university.
When the history of our era is written a century or two from now I suspect
that the end of the Cold War, the fall of the Berlin Wall, may be the second
story in that history. The first story in that history may be the dramatic
developments on the Asian continent over the last quarter century and the next,
and at the center of that story is your country, China. This is surely a moment
of promise, of risk, and of opportunity in China.
And our distinguished speaker, Wen Jiabao, is poised to lead China into a new
era with great potential for growth and prosperity. A geologist by training and
an experienced public servant over more than three decades, Premier Wen has the
very well-established reputation of being a very able and very well-trusted
statesman. He and I had a chance to meet, it was my very great privilege to meet
with him, when I traveled to China several years ago on behalf of the U.S.
government, and I am now delighted to welcome to Harvard University Premier Wen.
Premier Wen, we look forward to your remarks.
PREMIER WEN: Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen. I would like to begin by
sincerely thanking President Summers for his kind invitation. Harvard is a world
famous institution of higher learning, attracting the best minds and bringing
them up generation after generation. In its 367 years of history, Harvard has
produced seven American presidents and more than 40 Nobel Laureates. You have
reason to be proud of your university. It is my great pleasure today to stand on
your rostrum and have this face-to-face exchange with you. I like young people
very much. Because young people are always so energetic and they have the least
conservative ideas, and they represent the future of our world. And this year
during the outbreak of the SARS epidemic, I thought about the students. I cared
a lot for them, and I wanted to gain strength from them. So that was why I went
to our Tsinghua University to have lunch with them. And also I went to Beijing
University and I had a chat with the students in the library. At that time
probably you could not have imagined what an atmosphere we were in, but I felt
that the young people were as hopeful as ever. They always dream about a
beautiful future. They pointed to the trees outside the window and said to me,
"People like to say that when all the leaves grow, when the tree becomes green
all over, this crisis will be over. And they also said that they would all
rather be the green leaves themselves, and they asked me, Premier, in this big
tree, which part of the tree are you? I immediately replied, "I'm also one of
the leaves like you."
I think the developments proved to be like they predicted. When spring came
back, when the trees became green, this outbreak was driven away.
As the speaker today, of course I think I need to explain myself a little bit
to my audience, and I owe you this because in this way we can have a
heart-to-heart discussion.
As you know, as you probably know, I'm the son of a schoolteacher. I spent my
childhood mostly in the smoke and fire of war. I was not as fortunate as you as
a child. When Japanese aggressors drove all the people in my place to the
Central Plaza, I had to huddle closely against my mother. Later on, my whole
family and house were all burned up, and even the primary school that my grandpa
built himself all went up in flames. In my work life, most of the time I worked
in areas under the most harsh conditions in China. Therefore I know my country
and my people quite well and I love them so deeply.
The title of my speech today is "Turning Your Eyes To China." China and the
United States are far apart, and they differ, they differ greatly in the level
of economic development and culture. [At this point a protester interrupted.]
Please allow me to continue with my speech. Ladies and gentlemen, I will not
be disrupted. Because I'm deeply convinced that the 300 million American people
do have friendly feelings towards the Chinese people.
And I'm deeply convinced the development and improvement of China-U.S.
relations will not only serve the interests of our two peoples but is also
conducive to peace and stability of the whole world.
I know that China and the United States are far apart geographically and they
differ greatly in the level of economic development and a cultural background. I
hope my speech will help increase our mutual understanding.
In order to understand the true China, a changing society full of promises,
it is necessary to get to know her yesterday, her today, and her tomorrow.
China yesterday was a big ancient country that created a splendid
civilization.
As we all know in history of mankind there appeared the Mesopotamian
civilization in West Asia, the ancient Egyptian civilization along the Nile in
North Africa, the ancient Greek-Roman civilization along the northern bank of
the Mediterranean, the ancient Indian civilization in the Indus River Valley in
South Asia, and the Chinese civilization originating in the Yellow and Yangtze
River Valleys. Owing to earthquake, flood, plague and famine, or to alien
invasion or internal turmoil, some of these ancient civilizations withered away,
some were destroyed and others became assimilated into other civilizations. Only
the Chinese civilization, thanks to its strong cohesive power and inexhaustible
appeal, has survived many vicissitudes intact. The 5,000-year-long civilization
is the source of pride of every Chinese.
The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back
and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago there emerged in China
Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius. Taoism, represented by Lao Zi
and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in
the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term, "the
masters' hundred schools." From Confucius to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the traditional
Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are
essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the
importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the
community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world
is for all. Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying, "everybody is
responsible for the rise or fall of the country;" the populist ideas that,
people are the foundation of the country and that people are more important than
the monarch; the code of conduct of, don't do to others what you don't want
others to do to you; and the traditional virtues taught from generation to
generation: long suffering and hard working diligence and frugality in household
management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. All these have played
a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.
On this year's Teacher's Day, which fell on the 10th of September, I
specially went to see Professor Ji Xianlin of Peking University in his hospital
ward. Professor Ji, 92 years old, is a great scholar in both Chinese and Western
learning, and specializing in Oriental studies. I enjoy reading his prose. And
he had a very good habit that is even in his hospital he would keep a journal,
in fact a very beautiful essay about what he saw and did and felt for that
particular day. And he studied a special Oriental language and probably he is
among the very few in the world who actually knows this language. In our
conversation we talked about the movement of Eastern learning spreading to the
West, and also Western learning spreading to the East in modern times. In the
17th and 18th centuries, foreign missionaries translated Chinese classics into
European languages and introduced them to Europe, and this aroused great
interest in some eminent scholars and enlightenment thinkers there. Among them,
Descartes, Leibniz, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Goethe and Kant all studied the
traditional Chinese culture.
In my younger days I read Voltaire's writings. He said that a thinker who
wanted to study the history of this planet should first turn his eyes to the
East, China included. He once said that when people in many other countries are
debating about the origin of the human species the Chinese are already seriously
writing about their history.
Interestingly, one and a half centuries ago, R.W. Emerson, a famous American
philosopher and outstanding Harvard graduate, also fell for the traditional
Chinese culture. He quoted profusely from Confucius and Mencius in his essays.
He placed Confucius on a par with Socrates and Jesus Christ, saying that we read
the moral teachings of the Confucius school with profit today, though they were
addressed to a state of society unlike ours.
Rereading these words of Voltaire and Emerson today, I cannot but admire
their wisdom and far sight. China today is a country in reform and opening up,
and a rising power dedicated to peace.
The late Dr. John King Fairbank used the following words to describe China's
overpopulation and land scarcity. On the land owned by one farmer in the U.S.,
there might live hundreds of people forming a village in China. He went on to
say that although the Americans were mostly farmers in the past, they never felt
such pressure of population density.
A large population and underdevelopment are the two facts China has to face.
Since China has 1.3 billion people, I often like to say, I often like to make a
very easy but at the same time very complicated division and multiplication.
That is, any small individual problem multiplied by 1.3 billion becomes a big,
big problem. And any considerable amount of financial and material resources
divided by 1.3 billion becomes a very low per capita level. And becomes really
small. This is a reality the Chinese leaders have to keep firmly in mind at all
times.
We can rely on no one else except ourselves to resolve the problems facing
our 1.3 billion people. Since the founding of the People's Republic, we have
achieved much in our national reconstruction. At the same time we have made a
few detours and missed some opportunities. By 1978, with the adoption of the
reform and opening up policies, we had ultimately found the right path of
development. The Chinese people's path of independently building socialism with
Chinese characteristics.
The essence of this path of development is to mobilize all positive factors,
emancipate and develop the productive forces, and respect and protect the
freedom of the Chinese people to pursue happiness.
China's reform and opening up have spread from rural areas to the cities,
from the economic field to the political, cultural, and social arenas. Each and
every step forward is designed in the final analysis to release the gushing
vitality of labor, knowledge, technology, managerial expertise and capital, and
allow all sources of social wealth to flow to the fullest extent.
For quite some time in the past, China had a structure of highly centralized
planned economy. With deepening restructuring towards the socialist market
economy and progress in a development of democratic politics, there was gradual
lifting of the former improper restrictions, visible and invisible, on people's
freedom in the choice of occupation, mobility, enterprise, investment,
information, travel, faith and lifestyles. This has brought extensive and
profound changes never seen before in China's history. On one hand, the
enthusiasm of the work force in both cities and countryside has been set free.
In particular, hundreds of millions of farmers are now able to leave their old
villages and move into towns and the cities, especially in the coastal areas.
And tens of millions of intellectuals are now able to bring their talent and
creativity into full play. On the other hand, the massive assets owned by the
state can now be revitalized. A private capital pool in the amount of trillions
of yuan can take shape, and more than 500 billion U.S. dollars' worth of
overseas capital can flow in. This combination of capital and labor results in a
drama of industrialization and urbanization of a size rarely seen in human
history being staged on 9.6 million square kilometers of land called China. Here
lies the secret of the 9.4 percent annual growth rate that Chinese economy has
been able to maintain in the past 25 years.
The tremendous wealth created by China in the past quarter of a century has
not only enabled our 1.3 billion countrymen to meet their basic needs for food,
clothing and shelter and basically realize a modestly comfortable standard of
living but also contributed to world development. China owes all this progress
to the policy of reform and opening up and in the final analysis to the
freedom-inspired creativity of the Chinese people.
It has become so clear to me that, at the current stage, China has an
abundant supply of labor in proportion to her limited natural resources and
short capital. If no effective measures are taken to protect the fundamental
rights of our massive labor force, and in particular the farmer workers coming
to the cities, they may end up a miserable plight as described in the novels by
Charles Dickens and Theodore Dreiser. Without effective protection of the
citizens' rights to property, it will be difficult to attract and accumulate
valuable capital.
Therefore the Chinese government is committed to protecting the fundamental
rights of all the working and the right to property, both public and private.
This has been explicitly provided for in China's laws and put into practice.
China's reform and opening-up is exactly aimed at promoting human rights in
China. The two are mutually dependent and reinforcing. Reform and opening-up
creates conditions for the advancement of human rights, and the advancement of
human rights invigorates the former. If one separates the two and thinks that
China only goes after economic growth and ignores the protection of human
rights, such a view does not square with the facts. Just as President FDR said,
true individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence,
and necessitous men are not free men.
I am not suggesting that China's human rights situation is impeccable. The
Chinese government has all along been making earnest efforts to correct the
malpractices and negative factors of one kind or another in the human rights
field. It is extremely important and difficult in China to combine development,
reform and stability. Seeing is believing. If our friends come to China and see
for themselves, they will be able to judge objectively and appreciate the
progress made there in human rights and the Chinese government's hard work in
upholding human rights since the beginning of reform and opening-up.
China is a large developing country. It is neither proper nor possible for us
to rely on foreign countries for development. We must and we can only rely on
our own efforts. In other words, while opening still wider to the outside world,
we must more fully and more consciously depend on our own structural innovation,
on constantly expanding the domestic market, on converting the huge savings of
our citizens into investment, and on improving the quality of the population and
scientific and technological progress to solve the problems of resources and the
environment. Here lies the essence of China's relative peaceful rise and
development.
Of course, China is still a developing country. There is an obvious gap
between its urban and rural areas and between its eastern and western regions.
If you travel to the coastal cities in China's southeast, you will see modern
size skyscrapers, busy traffic, and brightly lit streets. But that is not what
China is all about. In vast rural areas of China, especially in the central and
western rural parts, there are still many backward places. Not long ago,
Secretary Evans of Commerce had a talk with me about China/U.S. economic
relations and trade. Before he met with me he went to see some rural areas in
China's west and in our meeting he showed me two pictures he shot in his visit
and reflected the state of backwardness in those quarters. And in fact he felt
strongly about what he saw. He said that he would never forget the people that
he met within that trip. I said to him that out of the total of 2,500 counties
in China I have personally been to 1,800 of them and I've been to the poorest
areas in China. I said to him that what you saw in fact is not the poorest of
areas and I said that if you can see what China really is then our discussion
today would be very easy. And our conversation did indeed turn out to be very
interesting and useful.
In those poor and remote mountain villages folks still use manual labor and
animals to till the land. They live in houses made of sun-dried mud bricks. In
times of severe drought there will be scarcity of drinking water for people and
animals. I often remember in my mind two lines from a poem written by Mr. Chen
Banjao in 18th century. That is:
The rustling of bamboo outside my door Sounds like the moaning of the
needy poor.
As the premier of China I'm often torn with anxiety and unable to eat or
sleep with ease when I think of the fact that there are still 30 million farmers
lacking food, clothing and shelter, 23 million city dwellers living on
subsistence allowances and 60 million disabled and handicapped people in need of
social security aid. For China to reach the level of developed countries it will
still take the sustained hard work of several generations, a dozen generations
or even dozens of generations.
China tomorrow will continue to be a major country that loves peace and has a
great deal to look forward. Peace loving has been a time-honored quality of the
Chinese nation. The very first emperor of the Qin Dynasty commanded the building
of the Great Wall 2,000 years ago for defense purposes. The Tang Dynasty opened
up the Silk Road one thousand years ago in order to sell silk, tea and porcelain
to other parts of the world. Five hundred years ago, Zheng He, the famous
diplomat navigator of the Ming Dynasty, led seven maritime expeditions to seek
friendly ties with other countries, taking along China's exquisite products,
advanced farming and handicraft skills. The great Russian writer Leo Tolstoy
once called the Chinese nation the oldest and largest nation, and, the most
peace-loving nation in the world.
As the modern times began, the ignorance, corruption and self-imposed
seclusion of the feudal dynasties led China to prolonged social stagnation,
declining national strength and repeated invasions by the foreign powers.
Despite compounded disasters and humiliation, the Chinese nation never gave up,
and managed to emerge from each setback stronger than before. A nation learns a
lot more in times of disaster and setback than in normal times.
Now, China has laid down her three-step strategy towards modernization. From
now to the year 2020, China will complete the building of a comfortable society
in an all-round way. By 2049, the year the People's Republic will celebrate its
centenary, we will have reached the level of a medium-developed country. We have
no illusions but believe that on our way forward, we shall encounter many
difficulties foreseeable and unpredictable and face all kinds of tough
challenges. We cannot afford to lose such a sense of crisis. Of course, the
Chinese government and people are confident enough to overcome all the
difficulties and achieve our ambitious goals through our vigorous efforts. This
is because the overriding trend of the present-day world is towards peace and
development. China's development is blessed with a rare period of strategic
opportunities. And if we don't grasp it, it will slip away. We are determined to
secure a peaceful international environment and a stable domestic environment in
which to concentrate on our own development, and with it to help promote world
peace and development.
This is because the socialism China adheres to is brimming with vigor and
vitality. From the day when I became Prime Minister, I made an analogy. I said
that socialism is like an ocean that takes in all the rivers and will never go
dry. While planting our feet solidly on our national conditions we will boldly
press ahead with reform and opening-up, and boldly absorb all fine achievements
of human civilizations. There is no limit to the life and exuberance of a
socialism that is good at self-readjustment and self-improvement.
This is because 25 years of reform and opening-up has given China a
considerable material accumulation, and her economy has gained a foothold in the
world. The motivation of China's millions to pursue happiness and create wealth
is an inexhaustible reservoir of drive for the country's modernization.
This is because the Chinese nation has rich and profound cultural reserves.
Harmony without uniformity is a great idea put forth by ancient Chinese
thinkers. It means harmony without sameness, and difference without conflict.
Harmony entails co-existence and co-prosperity, while difference conduces to
mutual complementation and mutual support. To approach and address issues from
such a perspective will not only help enhance relations with friendly countries,
but also serve to resolve contradictions in the international community.
Ladies and Gentlemen, A deeper mutual understanding is a two-way process. I
hope American people, young people in this country, will turn their eyes to
China. I also trust that our young people will turn their eyes more to the
United States. The United States is a great country. Since the days of the early
settlers the Americans with their toughness, frontier spirit, pragmatism,
innovation, and their respect for knowledge, admission of talents, their
scientific tradition and rule of law, have forged the prosperity of this
country. The composure, courage and readiness to help one another shown by the
American people in the face of the September 11th terrorist attacks are truly
admirable.
Entering the 21st century, mankind is confronted with more complicated
economic and social problems. The cultural element will have a more important
role to play in the new century. Different nations may speak different
languages, but the people's hearts and feelings are interlinked. Different
cultures may present manifold features, yet they often share the same rational
core elements that can always be passed on by people. The civilizations of
different nations are all fruits of human wisdom and contribution to human
progress; they call for mutual respect. Conflicts triggered by ignorance or
prejudice are sometimes more dreadful than those caused by contradictory
interests. We propose to seek common in a spirit of equality and tolerance, and
carry on extensive inter-civilization dialogue and closer cultural exchanges.
In his poem, "Malvern Hill," the famous American poet Herman Melville wrote:
Wag the world how it will. Leaves must be green in Spring.
The youth represents the future of the nation and the world. Faced with the
bright prospect of China-U.S. relations in the new century, I hope the young
people of China and the young people of the United States will join their hands
more closely.
Ladies and Gentlemen, Chinese forefathers formulated their goals as follows:
To ordain conscience for Heaven and Earth. To secure life and fortune for
the people. To continue lost teachings for past sages. To establish peace
for all future generations.
Today, mankind is in the middle of a period of drastic social change. It
would be a wise approach for all countries to carry forward their fine cultural
heritages by tracing back their origin, passing on the essentials, learning from
one another and breaking new ground. My appeal is that we work together with our
wisdom and strength for the progress and development of human civilization. Our
success will do credit to our forbears and bring benefit to our posterity. In
this way, our children and their children will be able to live in a more
peaceful, more tranquil and more prosperous world. I am convinced that such an
immensely bright and beautiful tomorrow will arrive.
Thank you for your attention.
Now I'll be happy to take questions from you. You may raise your hands.
DEAN KIRBY: Thank you, Premier Wen, for your wide ranging and very
interesting historical perspective. And as a historian I have many questions I
would like to ask you, but it's not my turn. We have several questions that have
been submitted by our students, and I just have to tell you that students ask
much harder questions than deans. So if I may read you one question that has
been submitted by our students.
Premier Wen, what do you feel are the prospects for democracy in China? Do
you envisage any changes in the role of the Communist Party? For example, do you
envisage contested direct elections for township, county, and provincial
governments?
PREMIER WEN: There's no question that to develop democracy, the objective of
our endeavor, all our efforts will be aimed at building China into a prosperous,
democratic, civilized and modern country. We once said that without democracy
there will be no socialism. To develop socialist democracy some specific
measures will have to be taken.
First, we need to improve the election system. Just now you mentioned
election in China. Among China's 680,000 villages we carry out direct election
for the Villager's Committee. And direct/indirect election is carried out at
counties and the municipalities where they don't have districts. And we also
have indirect election for officials at provincial and central level. Because
conditions are not ripe yet for direct election of senior officials, China is
such a big country and our economic development is so uneven, to start with I
think the educational level of the population is not high enough.
Second, we should let the people supervise the work of the government and be
critical of the performance of the government. Only when we allow the people to
supervise the performance of the government, the government cannot afford to
slack in its efforts in serving the people. And only when the government accepts
the criticism from the public we can ensure the success of all policy.
In China it would be a time-consuming process to develop China's democracy
perfectly. But if you look at the U.S. history it is also time consuming for
U.S. to develop its democracy from the days of the Declaration of Independence
in the year 1776 to the Civil War in 1860s, and to the incidents of Martin
Luther King in the 1960s.
Just now in the speech I quoted President Roosevelt. He said the necessitous
men were not free men. In fact in preparing his Declaration of Independence
President Jefferson also placed the right to development before anything else.
President Jefferson put the right to life before anything else. So we need to
work to improve the living standards of 1.3 billion Chinese people. This is a
big challenge ahead. Thank you.
People sometimes have mixed feelings about giving a speech in Harvard. They
like to come here very much because Harvard is so famous as a gathering place of
the best brains in the world. But at the same time they also feel afraid because
they know from the faculty and students there will be touch questions.
Before I arrived here I kept recalling one remark my mother always said to
me. According to my mother a person should try to be truthful, honest, sincere
and candid. If a people can reach these standards then he will find himself with
a very highest state of mind. I may not be able to give you good answers, yet I
always speak from my mind and tell you the truth.
DEAN KIRBY: A question from the floor. Yes ma'am.
WOMAN: My name is Changju. I'm from the Harvard School of Education, and I
came here two years ago. I got my Bachelor of Arts degree from Beijing
University, from the English Department. And my question is, we are very excited
that Beijing is going to host the 2008 Olympic Games, and when Premier Wen has
said that we're going to do our best to host the Olympic Games, so I was
wondering what kind of aspects are you talking about. Thank you.
PREMIER WEN: It seems that she is more nervous than I am. I don't know about
the audience if there are more Chinese students or more American students. But
since you mentioned the Olympic Games that is to be hosted by China, it reminds
me of a sad story in the past. Before China was liberated, before PRC was
founded in '49, we at that time were only able to send one athlete by name of Yo
Jangjin, he was a short distance runner, to participate in the Olympic Games.
The game was held in the United States so he took a ship and had a long journey.
He was already exhausted after the long journey when he reached the United
States. He was the only representative of China in the Olympic Games. He did not
win any medal but he had the support and attention and care of the entire
Chinese population. Now it's a different story. The Olympic Games is going to be
held in China. This is because China has developed itself to a great extent, and
China already has the respect of the international community. I said we will
stage an excellent game in China. This will mean that it will be of very high
standard. But at the same time I have to say that China is still a developing
country. We have to practice economy. We cannot squander the resources away.
Thank you.
DEAN KIRBY: The gentleman far up in the white shirt, there sir?
MAN: I hope it's OK if I speak in English for this question.
You mentioned in your visit with President Bush a couple of days ago that you
are hoping to encourage American imports into China to balance the trade
deficit. And I was wondering what steps China will be taking to encourage
American imports into China.
PREMIER WEN: Indeed the Americans have a strong interest in seeing more U.S.
products to be sold in Chinese market. And I also discussed this with President
Bush yesterday. It will be fair to draw attention to the fact that in recent two
years the U.S. export to China has grown. Last year while the U.S. export to the
rest of the world grew at a rate of only two to three percent, U.S. export to
China grew by 15 percent. And the first 10 months of this year U.S. export to
China grew by 26 percent. We have to recognize the fact that in the trade
relationship United States does run a quite significant deficit with China.
I had a very good discussion with President Bush. The two of us did not get
bogged down on the small details, so precisely as described by the famous poem
in China, was the ascent to the top of the Mountain Tai, where the other peaks
are simply dwarfed. I proposed to President Bush five principles on further
expansion of our economic cooperation in trade. And the first principle is
mutual benefits and a win-win situation. We need to think broadly. Each side
must take into account the interests of the other side.
Second, we need to find a solution to the trade imbalance problem through the
expansion of trade. To cut back China's export to the U.S. market is not a good
solution. The better solution is for U.S. to increase its export to China.
