說(shuō)說(shuō)荷蘭的“全攻全守足球”
由荷蘭人開(kāi)創(chuàng)的全攻全守足球在本屆世界杯的賽場(chǎng)上卻幾乎蹤影全無(wú)，教練范加爾帶領(lǐng)全隊(duì)打起了防守反擊。北京時(shí)間明日凌晨對(duì)陣阿根廷的半決賽中，不知荷蘭會(huì)采取什么戰(zhàn)術(shù)呢？
Total Football is the label given to an influential tactical theory of football in which any outfield player can take over the role of any other player in a team. It was pioneered by Dutch football club Ajax from 1965 to 1973, and further used by the Netherlands National Football Team in the 1974 FIFA World Cup. It was invented by Rinus Michels, who was the coach of both Ajax and the Netherlands national team at the time.
全攻全守足球是一個(gè)頗有影響力的足球戰(zhàn)術(shù)理論，指場(chǎng)上任何隊(duì)員之間都可以互換位置和角色。這種戰(zhàn)術(shù)由荷蘭足球俱樂(lè)部阿賈克斯在1965年到1973年之間首創(chuàng)，之后由荷蘭國(guó)家足球隊(duì)在1974年世界杯期間進(jìn)一步發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。該戰(zhàn)術(shù)的發(fā)明者為里努斯?米歇爾斯，當(dāng)時(shí)的阿賈克斯俱樂(lè)部及荷蘭國(guó)家隊(duì)主教練。
In Total Football, a player who moves out of his position is replaced by another from his team, thus retaining the team's intended organizational structure. In this fluid system, no outfield player is fixed in a nominal role; anyone can successively play an attacker, a midfielder and a defender. The only player fixed in a nominal position is the goalkeeper.
在全攻全守戰(zhàn)術(shù)中，離開(kāi)自己位置的球員會(huì)立即被另一名隊(duì)員補(bǔ)齊，以保證隊(duì)伍既定的場(chǎng)上組織結(jié)構(gòu)。在這種流動(dòng)的體系中，場(chǎng)上隊(duì)員并沒(méi)有一個(gè)常規(guī)固定的位置，任何人都能勝任前鋒、中場(chǎng)以及后衛(wèi)的職責(zé)。守門(mén)員是場(chǎng)上唯一一位有固定位置的球員。
Total Football's tactical success depends largely on the adaptability of each footballer within the team, in particular the ability to quickly switch positions depending on the on-field situation. The theory requires players to be comfortable in multiple positions; hence, it places high technical and physical demands on them.
全攻全守戰(zhàn)術(shù)的成功很大程度上取決于每位隊(duì)員的適應(yīng)能力，尤其是根據(jù)場(chǎng)上形勢(shì)迅速調(diào)換位置的能力。這種理論要求隊(duì)員在多個(gè)位置都能應(yīng)付自如，因此對(duì)隊(duì)員的技術(shù)和體能要求都很高。
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